Ozone (O₃)
Role in plants
Ozone has no nutritional role. It is a strong oxidant that causes physiological stress when absorbed through stomata.
Toxicity symptoms
- Leaf flecking or stippling
- Bronzing
- Premature leaf senescence
- Reduced photosynthesis and yield
Natural sources
- Upper atmosphere formation
Man-made sources
- Vehicle emissions
- Industrial pollution
- Photochemical smog
Plant interaction form